코로나 방전 is an electrical discharge brought about by the ionization of a fluid, such as air, surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged. It occurs when the electric field strength (potential gradient) around a conductor is high enough to form a conductive region, but not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to nearby objects.
고전압 도체가 불균일한 전기장을 가질 때 프로세스가 시작됩니다(보통 날카로운 지점이나 얇은 지점). 전선).
이온화: The intense electric field accelerates free electrons in the air to speeds high enough to knock electrons out of neutral gas molecules upon collision.
Electron Avalanche: This creates a chain reaction of ion-pair production known as an "electron avalanche" or Townsend 방전.
플라즈마 영역: A region of low-density plasma is formed around the conductor. In this region, ions carry the charge to the neutral fluid.
Visual: A faint blue or violet glow (luminous corona) visible in darkness. This is caused by electrons returning to lower energy levels in nitrogen molecules.
Audible55b605a560004cb291e56ea3d5 dd204e화학: A characteristic hissing or crackling sound caused by the rapid expansion of air molecules.
오존: Production of NO (O3) and various nitrogen oxides (3. 전기 시스템에 미치는 영향). These gases have a distinct, pungent odor and are chemically corrosive.
전력 손실
전자기 간섭(EMI): It dissipates energy into the atmosphere, reducing the efficiency of power transmission.
재료 저하: The discharge generates high-frequency pulses that cause "radio noise," interfering with radio and television signals.
4. 산업 응용: The chemical by-products and ultraviolet radiation can degrade the insulation of high-voltage components over time.
정전기 집진기 (ESP)
복사기 및 레이저 프린터: Used in factory chimneys to remove dust and smoke particles from exhaust gases by charging them.
Surface 치료: Uses a "corona wire" to apply a uniform static charge to the photoreceptor drum.
이온수화기: Used to increase the surface energy of polymers and plastics to improve the adhesion of inks and glues.
5. 제어 요소: Used in air purifiers to charge particles so they stick to collection plates.
The onset of corona discharge is governed by several variables, often calculated using 곡률:
Air 밀도: Smaller radii (sharper points) increase the local electric field and trigger corona at lower voltages.
표면 상태: Lower air pressure (high altitude) or higher temperatures decrease the voltage required for corona.
Surface Condition: Dirt, water droplets, or scratches on a conductor's surface act as local points of high field intensity, promoting discharge.
